Fact Check

Lucky Kit Kat

Do Kit Kat chocolate bars bring luck to Japanese students during exams?

Published Jan. 12, 2009

In this picture taken on August 24, 2017, KitKat chocolates are seen in a production line at the KitKat factory in Inashiki, Ibaraki prefecture, northeast of Tokyo.
KitKats have been around in Britain since 1935 and only arrived in Japan in 1973, but the Japanese market has a crucial unique selling point -- a huge variety of different flavours. / AFP PHOTO / Behrouz MEHRI / TO GO WITH Japan-food-consumers by Anne Beade        (Photo credit should read BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/Getty Images) (BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/Getty Images)
Image Via BEHROUZ MEHRI/AFP/Getty Images
Claim:
Kit Kat chocolate bars bring luck to Japanese students during exams.

Each year, tens of thousands of senior high school students sit entrance examinations to gain entry to Japan's top state universities. The results of these tests are key to the youngsters' futures, so they study hard in preparation for them. Roughly half of all students in Japan attend special preparation schools (juku) for an hour or two a day in addition to their regular classes, and some even spend a year or two at specialty full-time private schools (yobiko) after completing high school to prepare them for these exams. (Yobiko does not come cheap: a year at one can easily cost as much as, or even more than, a year at university.)

Hard work and diligence on the part of the test takers are augmented by certain foods and charms thought to bring luck and success. One of these talismans is the Kit Kat chocolate bar.

Initially produced by Rowntree as the Chocolate Crisp, Kit Kat (now manufactured by Nestlé) is said to take its name from the famous 1920s club of the same name in London. It is sold around the world in various forms deemed to best fit local markets, but it has come to have an especial place in Japanese culture because of the similarity in pronunciation between the confection's name and a phrase thought to bring luck to those sitting their exams.

Kit Kat is pronounced kitto katto in Japanese, which is very close to kitto katsu, a phrase that translates as "Win without fail." As to how seriously such language charms are taken, it is not uncommon for parents and acquaintances to avoid using certain words around striving students lest they harm the young people's academic chances. Some households even place total bans on such words as "slip" (suberu) and "fall" (ochiru) lest their being loosed in the home attract ill test-taking fortune to the aspiring scholars living there.

Nestlé responded to this fortuitous linguistic association by producing for the Japanese market special Kit Kat bars that carry additional exam-related symbols on their packaging. The cherry blossom design on the wrapper evokes the month of April, which is the height of the cherry blossom season and also the month during which new school years begin and therefore the time of entrance ceremonies that celebrate successful applicants having gained entry to their new institutions of higher learning. The symbol of cherry blossoms in riotous full bloom also connects with doing well on examinations: while sakura saku literally means "the cherry blossom blooms," in Japanese idiom the phrase is used to congratulate someone who has passed his college entrance exam.

However, Kit Kats are far from the only food items thought to bring examination success in the land of the rising sun. When read in Japanese, Hi-Lemon (a small chewy sweet) sounds like hairerumon, which means "He can get in." The cheese-flavored snack Karu is one letter away from ukaru (to pass an exam).

Test takers may also down breakfasts of one sausage and two eggs to try to improve their chances of scoring one hundred (the food resembles the numbers). Pork cutlets (tonkatsu) are also favored by aspiring scholars because tonkatsu is somewhat close to katsu, the word for "win."

Non-food charms are more of the "refraining from harming one's chances" variety. Mentioned above were prohibitions against using particular words like "slip" and "fall" around students. Those about to take the exam are cautioned against discarding old book bags in favor of new ones lest they unwittingly "leave knowledge behind" in the unwanted carry-alls. Haircuts are also eschewed by test-takers lest tonsorial trimming leach them of luck and knowledge.

Sources

Lewis, Leo.   "The Children Who Eat Their Words to Gain Exam Success."     The [London] Times.   21 January 2006   (Overseas News, p. 45).

Lindstrom, Martin.   Buy-ology.     New York: Doubleday, 2008.   ISBN 978-0-385-52388-2   (p. 97).

Ryall, Julian.   "Exam Fever Gives Japan a Craving for Kit Kat."     The [London] Daily Telegraph.   2 February 2005   (International, p. 12).

Wong, Tessa.   "What Teens Do to Score."     The [Singapore] Straits Times.   13 May 2007.

The Daily Yomiuri.   "Makers Compete for Lucky Charm Market."     12 January 2005   (p. 8).